{jb_quote} Chapter 9: Introduces the concept of Noun & Adjective and they always match perfectly i.e. have the same gender, state (Marfoo, Mansoob or Majroor), singular (or plural) and definitive (or indefinite).” {/jb_quote}
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Part 1
Resources
Type Arabic onscreen with an oline Keyboard
Vocabulary:
|
An Adjective |
نَعْتٌ |
A described Noun |
مَنْعُوتٌ |
|
Lazy |
كَسْلاَنُ |
Thirsty |
عَطْشَانُ |
|
Hungry |
جَوْعَانُ |
Full |
مَلآنُ |
|
Lazy |
كَسْلاَنُ |
Thirsty |
عَطْشَانُ |
|
Angry |
غَضْبَانُ |
Happy |
فَرْحَانُ |
|
Famous |
شَهِيرٌ |
The Fan |
الْمِرْوَحَةُ |
|
A Sparrow |
عُصْفُورٌ |
A Bird |
طَيْرٌ |
|
Road |
طَرِيقٌ |
Crowded |
مُزْدَحِمٌ |
|
He Created |
خَلَقَ |
He Passed |
نَجَحَ |
|
He Sat |
جَلَسَ |
That, who, which |
الَّذِي |
|
The Human |
الإِنْسَانُ |
A thing (object) |
شَيْءٌ |
|
Useful |
مُفِيدٌ |
Tall |
طَوِيلٌ |
|
The Cup |
الكُوبٌ |
The minister |
الوزيرُ |
|
The Clinic |
المُستَؤصَفٌ |
Why? |
لِمَاذا |
|
The Market |
السٌّوقُ |
Hard Working |
مُجتَهِدٌ |
|
Difficult |
صَعبٌ |
Easy |
سَهلٌ |
Simple Detached Pronouns (Revision):
Now look at the pronouns below and read on your fingers 7 times. Ignore the attached pronouns for the time being. We have drawn a picture for you to understand this memorisation technique even further.
|
Detached Pronouns |
|||
|
Third Person Masculine |
He |
Huwa |
هُو |
|
Them (2 He) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
They (3+ He) |
Hum |
هُم |
|
|
Third Person Feminine |
She |
Hiya |
هِيَ |
|
Them (2 She) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
They (3+ She) |
Hunna |
هُنَّ |
|
|
Second Person Masculine |
You (Male) |
Anta |
أنتَ |
|
You (2, Male) |
Antuma |
أنتُمَا |
|
|
You (3+ Male) |
Antum |
أنتُم |
|
|
Second Person Feminine |
You (Female) |
Anti |
أنتِ |
|
You (2, Female) |
Antuma |
أنتُمَا |
|
|
You (3+, Female) |
Antunna |
أنتُنَّ |
|
|
First Person |
I |
Anna |
أنَا |
|
We |
Nahnu |
نَحنُ |
|
Simple Attached Pronouns:
Use the pores of your fingers to learn this table just like you have memorised the previous tables.
|
Attached Pronouns |
|||
|
Third Person Masculine |
His |
Hu |
هُ |
|
Theirs (2 He) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ He) |
Hum |
هُم |
|
|
Third Person Feminine |
Her |
Ha |
هَا |
|
Theirs (2 She) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ She) |
Hunna |
هُنَّ |
|
|
Second Person Masculine |
Your (Male) |
Kaa |
كَ |
|
Your (2, Male) |
Kuma |
كُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+ Male) |
Kum |
كُم |
|
|
Second Person Feminine |
Your (Female) |
Ki |
كِ |
|
Your (2, Female) |
Kuma |
كُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+, Female) |
Kunna |
كُنَّ |
|
|
First Person |
Mine |
Ie |
يْ |
|
Ours |
Naa |
نَا |
|
The last vowel of the pronoun is stripped of its Tanween, replaced with a single vowel and the pronoun is attached directly to it, for example:
Your pen (1,M) قَلَمٌ + كَ = قَلَمُكَ
Their book (3+,F) كِتَابٌ + هُنَّ = كِتَابُهُنَّ
|
Attached Pronouns |
|||
|
Third Person Masculine |
His Book |
Kitabuhu |
كِتَابُهُ |
|
Theirs (2 He) Book |
KitabuHuma |
كِتَابُهُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ He) Book |
KitabuHum |
كِتَابُهُم |
|
|
Third Person Feminine |
Her Book |
KitabuHa |
كِتَابُهَا |
|
Theirs (2 She) Book |
KitabuHuma |
كِتَابُهُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ She) Book |
KitabuHunna |
كِتَابُهُنَّ |
|
|
Second Person Masculine |
Your (Male) Book |
KitabuKaa |
كِتَابُكَ |
|
Your (2, Male) Book |
KitabuKuma |
كِتَابُكُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+ Male) Book |
KitabuKum |
كِتَابُكُم |
|
|
Second Person Feminine |
Your (Female) Book |
KitabuKi |
كِتَابُكِ |
|
Your (2, Female) Book |
KitabuKuma |
كِتَابُكُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+, Female) Book |
KitabuKunna |
كِتَابُكُنَّ |
|
|
First Person |
My Book |
Kitabuie |
كِتَابِيْ |
|
Our Book |
KitabuNaa |
كِتَابُنَا |
|
In case of "My book" the vowel on the last letter is Kasrah instead of Damma and this will always happen in the case of "My ..."
Noun & Adjective:
In Arabic the Noun always comes first and the Adjective always follows it. Then the noun and adjective completely match each other in these four areas:
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} If the Noun is masculine then the adjective is also masculine & vice versa
{jb_bluedisc}2{/jb_bluedisc} If the Noun is singular then the adjective is also singular & if noun is plural then the adjective is also plural.
{jb_bluedisc}3{/jb_bluedisc} If the Noun is Marfoo then the adjective is also Marfoo & the same applies to the state of Mansoob & Majroor
{jb_bluedisc}4{/jb_bluedisc} If the Noun is definite then the adjective is also definite & the same applies if the noun is indefinite.
The two examples below illustrate "A new house" & "The new house" respectively, notice how in English the adjective comes first but in English the noun precedes the adjective:
بَيْتٌ جَدِيْد
A new House
البَيْتُ الجَدِيْد
The new House
The two examples below illustrate "A new watch" & "The new watch" respectively, notice how in English the adjective comes first but in English the noun precedes the adjective:
سَاعَةٌ جَدِيْدةٌ
A new Watch
السَّاعَةٌ الجَدِيْدةُ
The new Watch
The Noun is called Man'oot مَنْعُوتٌ and the adjective is called Naat نَعْتٌ
Lesson Begins
Analyse (identify Mubata, Khabar & Naat) and then translate the following. Remember to only translate the questions (don't analyse):
مَن هَذَا الرجل؟
هوَ عَبَّاسٌ
هوَ is Mubatada (الضَّمائِرُ المُنْفَصِلةُ) from the demonstrative pronouns to be specific.
عَبَّاسٌ is Khabar
عَبَّاسٌ تَاجِرٌ
عَبَّاسٌ is Mubatada
تَاجِرٌ is Khabar
عَبَّاسٌ تَاجِرٌ غَنِيٌّ
عَبَّاسٌ is Mubatada
تَاجِرٌ is Khabar
غَنِيٌّ is Naat نَعْتٌ
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Abbasun is Mubata
{jb_bluedisc}2{/jb_bluedisc} Tajirun is Khabar
{jb_bluedisc}3{/jb_bluedisc} Ghaniun is Naat (Adjective) and notice how it matches the Khabar in four respects:
{jb_bluedisc}a{/jb_bluedisc} Tajariun is Singular so Ghaniun is Singular
{jb_bluedisc}b{/jb_bluedisc} Tajariun is indefinite so Ghaniun is indefinite
{jb_bluedisc}c{/jb_bluedisc} Tajariun is Masculine so Ghaniun is Masculine
{jb_bluedisc}d{/jb_bluedisc} Tajariun is Marfoo so Ghaniun is Marfoo
حَامَدٌ مُدَرِّسٌ جَدِيدٌ
ما هَذَا؟
هَذَا تُفَّاحٌ
التُفَّاحُ فَاكِهَةٌ لَذِيذَةٌ
ما ذَلِكَ؟
ذَلِكَ عٌصفُورٌ.
العٌصفُورُ طَاءِرٌ صَغيرٌ
العربيةُ لُغَةٌ سَهْلَةٌ
العربيةُ لُغَةٌ جَمِيلَةٌ
عمَّارٌ طَالِبٌ مُجتَهِدٌ وَ مَحْمُودٌ طَالِبٌ كَسلاَنٌ
مَن انتَ؟
أَنَا طَالِبٌ
أَانتَ طَالِبٌ جَدِيدٌ؟
نَعَمْ أَنَا طَالِبٌ جَدِيدٌ
Exercise:
Analyse (identify Mubata, Khabar & Naat) and then translate the following. Remember to only translate the questions (don't analyse):
محمد طالب قدبم
أَذَلِكَ الرجل مٌدَرِّسٌ جديدٌ؟ لا , هُوَ طَالِبٌ جَدِيدٌ
هَذَا دَرْسٌ سَهْلٌ
عَبَّاسٌ تَاجِرٌ شَهِيرٌ
بِلاَلٌ مُهَندِسٌ كَبِيرٌ
الأِنكَلِيزِيَةُ لُغَةٌ صَعبَةٌ
أَانتَ رَجُلٌ غَنِيٌّ؟ لا أَنَا رَجُلٌ فَقِيرٌ
أَانتَ مٌدَرِّسٌ قدبم؟ لا أَنَا مٌدَرِّسٌ جديدٌ
أَحَامَدٌ طَالِبٌ كَسلاَنٌ؟ لا , هوَ طَالِبٌ مُجتَهِدٌ
الْقاَهِرَةُ مَدِينَةٌ كَبِيرَةٌ
Reminder:
Did you notice any words which are dip-totes?
Exercise 2:
Fill in the blanks with suitable Adjectives.
Exercise 3:
Fill in the blanks with suitable Khabars.
Five (5) special Adjectives:
These five adjectives express personal feelings and they are used in the Lesson, although there are more. The absence of Tanween expresses that they are diptotes. Memorise their meanings and then analyse and translate the sentences below.
|
English |
Arabic |
|
hirsty |
عَطْشَانُ |
|
Hungry |
جَوْعَانُ |
|
Full |
مَلآنُ |
|
Angry |
غَضْبَانُ |
|
Happy |
فَرْحَان |
أَنَا جَوْعَانُ
أَ أَنْتَ جَوْعَانُ ؟ لَا , أَنَا عَطْشَانُ
لِمَاذَا المُدَرِّسُ غَضْبَانُ الْيَومَ؟
الْكُوبُ مَلآنُ
Part 2:
Adverb of Time ظَرْف الزَْمَانِ :
Noun through which a time period is expressed are known asظَرْف الزَْمَانِ and they are usually expressed as "Mudaf" مُضَاف which means that a "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه may follow it, the two common adverbs used in our lessons are as follows:
|
After |
بَعْدَ |
Before |
قَبْلَ |
Adverb of Place ظَرْفُ المَكَانِ :
Noun through which a place or position is expressed are known as ظَرْفُ المَكَانِ and they are expressed as "Mudaf" مُضَاف which means that a "Mudaf Ileh" مُضَاف إلَيْه may follow it some of the common examples are as follows:
|
Below |
تَحْتَ |
Above |
فَوقَ |
|
Behind |
خَلْفَ |
In front of |
أَمَامَ |
|
There |
مَبنَي) هُنَاكَ) |
Here |
مَبنَي) هُنَا) |
|
With (Anywhere) |
مَعَ |
With (Physically together) |
عِنْدَ |
Five (5) times of Khabar:
أَلمُفرَدُ Single Word Khabar:
When the Khabar is only one word it has the following characteristics:
{jb_bluedisc}a{/jb_bluedisc} It is generally indefinite
{jb_bluedisc}b{/jb_bluedisc} It is Marfoo
{jb_bluedisc}c{/jb_bluedisc} It agrees in gender with the Mubtada
أَلبَيتُ كَبِيرٌ
شَبْهُ الجُملَةِ Khabar as a Phrase
When the Khabar is a phrase (more than one word) but not a complete sentence it is called a شَبْهُ الجُملَةِ and it can never be Mubatada although sequentially it may be appear first , below are examples of both:
{jb_bluedisc}a{/jb_bluedisc} Jaar/Majroor
أَلقَلَمُ عَلي الْمَكتَبِ
jb_bluedisc}b{/jb_bluedisc} Zarf
أَلقَلَمُ تَحْتَ الْمَكتَبِ
أَلجُملَةُ الفِعلَيَةُ Khabar as a Verbal Sentence
When the Khabar is a complete verbal sentence
ذَهَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
ذَهَبَتْ فَاطِمَةُ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
أَلجُملَةُ الأَسْمِيَةُ Khabar as a Nominal Sentence
When the Khabar is a complete nominal sentence.
مُحَمَّدٌ أَخُوهُ طَبِيبٌ
فَاطِمَةُ أُختُهَا طَبِيبَةٌ
Sequencing of a verbal sentence أَلجُملَةُ الفِعلَيَةُ :
Usually the sequencing of a verbal sentence is as follows:
{jb_bluedisc}a{/jb_bluedisc} Verb فِعْلٌ :
{jb_bluedisc}b{/jb_bluedisc} Immediately followed by a subject فَاعِلٌ and it is Marfoo :
{jb_bluedisc}c{/jb_bluedisc}If an Object مَفْعُولٌ بِهِ is required, it is next and it is usually Mansoob :
The following verse of the Qur'aan should be memorised to remember the sequence of verbal sentences in Arabic:
[2:251]...David killed Goliath...
قَتَلَ دَاوُدُ جَالُوتَ
In addition consider the following two examples:
ذَهَبَ مُحَمَّدٌ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
مُحَمَّدٌ ذَهَبَ إِلَي الْمَسجِدِ
In the first example Muhammad is the subject فَاعِلٌ because it appears immediately after the verb BUT in the second example Muhammad is NOT the فَاعِلٌ because it appears before it!
Remember the two rules from this section:
{jb_bluedisc}a{/jb_bluedisc} شَبْهُ الجُملَةِ can NEVER be Mubatada
{jb_bluedisc}b{/jb_bluedisc} فَاعِلٌ has to appear after the فِعْلٌ and NEVER before.
Part 3:
Relative Pronoun الاسم الموصول:
Relative pronouns, like 'who', 'which', 'whose', 'what', etc. are used at the beginning of relative clauses to describe a definite noun. In Arabic, relative pronouns come after definite nouns to introduce sentences that describe these nouns or provide additional information about them. Relative pronouns in Arabic have to agree with the nouns they follow in number, gender and case, e.g. after a singular masculine noun, the pronoun (الذي) must be used after a singular feminine noun, the pronoun (التي) must be used.
|
Who (Living) Which (Things) Used for Masculine |
الذي |
Who (Living) Which (Things) Used for Feminine |
التي |
The clause which follows a relative noun is called صلةِ الموصولِ
Five (5) special Adjectives:
These five adjectives express personal feelings and they are used in the Lesson, although there are more. The absence of Tanween expresses that they are diptotes.
|
English |
Arabic |
|
Thirsty |
عَطْشَانُ |
|
Hungry |
جَوْعَانُ |
|
Full |
مَلآنُ |
|
Angry |
غَضْبَانُ |
|
Happy |
فَرْحَانُ |
Lesson (Part B):
Analyse and then translate the sentences below while the questions should simply be translated. Most of them are simple Nominal sentences. Notice how the adjective always matches the noun which it qualifies and also note the use of relative noun and how it describes the definite noun which it qualifies.
أَيْنَ الْمُدَرِّسُ؟
هُو فِي الفَصلِ
وَأَيْنَ الْمُدَرِّسُ الْجَدِيدُ؟
هُو عِنْدَ الْمُدِيرِ
أَيْنَ الطَالِبٌ الْجَدِيدُ
ذَهَبَ إَلي الْمَكتَبَةِ
مَن ذَلِك الرَّجُلُ الطَّوِيلُ الَّذِي خَرَجَ الآنَ مِنَ الْمَدرَسَةِ؟
هُو مُدِيرٌ جَدِيدٌ
وَمَنِ الْوَلَدُ الصَّغِيرُ الَّذِي خَرَجَ الآنَ مِنَ الْفَصْلِ؟
هُو ابْنُ الْمُدِيرِ الْجَدِيدِ
لِمَنْ تِلك السَّيَّا رَةُ الْجَمِيلَةُ؟
هِيَ لِلْمُدِيرِ الْجَدِيدِ
لِمَنْ هَذَا الْكِتَابُ الْكَبِيْرُ؟ أَ هُوَ لِلْمُدَرِّسِ؟
لَا , هُوَ لِلْطَّالِبَةٌ الصَّغِيرَةُ
أَيْنَ الْمِلْعَقَةُ الصَّغِيرَةُ ؟
هِيَ فَي الْكُوبِ
أَيْنَ الْكُرسِيُّ الْمَكسُورُ؟
هُوَ هُنَاكَ
Part 4:
Exercises
The remaining exercises in the Lesson are simply writing and then analysing and subsequently translating the concepts given and all of the key concepts have already been covered in detail in the Lesson.