{jb_quote} Chapter 12: Introduces and makes the students practise the concept of feminine 3rd person pronoun and Past tense. {/jb_quote}
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Part 1
Resources
Type Arabic onscreen with an oline Keyboard
Vocabulary:
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The Paternal Uncle |
العَمُّ |
The Treee |
الشَّجَرَةُ |
|
The Paternal Aunty |
العَمَّةُ |
Syria |
سُورِيَا |
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The Maternal Uncle |
الخَالٌ |
Middle School |
المَدْرَسَةُ المُتُوَسِّطَةُ |
|
The Maternal Aunty |
الخَالَةُ |
The Inspector |
المُفَتَّشُ |
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Malaysia |
مَالِيزِيَا |
Young Lady |
الْفَتَاةُ |
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Famous |
شَهِيرٌ |
The Office |
الدَفتَرُ |
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Madam! |
سَيِّدِتِي يَا |
Sir! |
سَيِّدِي يَا |
|
Fathers |
آبَاءُ |
Father |
ابٌ |
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Mothers |
أُمَّهَاتٌ |
Mother |
أُمٌ |
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Scholars |
عُلَمَاءُ |
Scholar |
عَالِمٌ |
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Weak (Plural) |
ضِعَافٌ |
Weak |
ضَعِيفٌ |
|
Strong (Plural |
أَقوِيَاءُ |
Strong |
قَوِيٌّ |
|
|
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
المُملَكَةُ العَرَبِيَةٌ السَّعٌودِيَةٌ |
Simple Detached Pronouns (Revision):
Now look at the pronouns below and read on your fingers 7 times. Ignore the attached pronouns for the time being. We have drawn a picture for you to understand this memorisation technique even further.
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Detached Pronouns |
|||
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Third Person Masculine |
He |
Huwa |
هُو |
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Them (2 He) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
They (3+ He) |
Hum |
هُم |
|
|
Third Person Feminine |
She |
Hiya |
هِيَ |
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Them (2 She) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
They (3+ She) |
Hunna |
هُنَّ |
|
|
Second Person Masculine |
You (Male) |
Anta |
أنتَ |
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You (2, Male) |
Antuma |
أنتُمَا |
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You (3+ Male) |
Antum |
أنتُم |
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Second Person Feminine |
You (Female) |
Anti |
أنتِ |
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You (2, Female) |
Antuma |
أنتُمَا |
|
|
You (3+, Female) |
Antunna |
أنتُنَّ |
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|
First Person |
I |
Anna |
أنَا |
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We |
Nahnu |
نَحنُ |
|
Simple Attached Pronouns:
Use the pores of your fingers to learn this table just like you have memorised the previous tables.
|
Attached Pronouns |
|||
|
Third Person Masculine |
His |
Hu |
هُ |
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Theirs (2 He) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
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|
Theirs (3+ He) |
Hum |
هُم |
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|
Third Person Feminine |
Her |
Ha |
هَا |
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Theirs (2 She) |
Huma |
هُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ She) |
Hunna |
هُنَّ |
|
|
Second Person Masculine |
Your (Male) |
Kaa |
كَ |
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Your (2, Male) |
Kuma |
كُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+ Male) |
Kum |
كُم |
|
|
Second Person Feminine |
Your (Female) |
Ki |
كِ |
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Your (2, Female) |
Kuma |
كُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+, Female) |
Kunna |
كُنَّ |
|
|
First Person |
Mine |
Ie |
يْ |
|
Ours |
Naa |
نَا |
|
The last vowel of the pronoun is stripped of its Tanween, replaced with a single vowel and the pronoun is attached directly to it, for example:
Your pen (1,M) قَلَمٌ + كَ = قَلَمُكَ
Their book (3+,F) كِتَابٌ + هُنَّ = كِتَابُهُنَّ
|
Attached Pronouns |
|||
|
Third Person Masculine |
His Book |
Kitabuhu |
كِتَابُهُ |
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Theirs (2 He) Book |
KitabuHuma |
كِتَابُهُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ He) Book |
KitabuHum |
كِتَابُهُم |
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|
Third Person Feminine |
Her Book |
KitabuHa |
كِتَابُهَا |
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Theirs (2 She) Book |
KitabuHuma |
كِتَابُهُمَا |
|
|
Theirs (3+ She) Book |
KitabuHunna |
كِتَابُهُنَّ |
|
|
Second Person Masculine |
Your (Male) Book |
KitabuKaa |
كِتَابُكَ |
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Your (2, Male) Book |
KitabuKuma |
كِتَابُكُمَا |
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|
Your (3+ Male) Book |
KitabuKum |
كِتَابُكُم |
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|
Second Person Feminine |
Your (Female) Book |
KitabuKi |
كِتَابُكِ |
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Your (2, Female) Book |
KitabuKuma |
كِتَابُكُمَا |
|
|
Your (3+, Female) Book |
KitabuKunna |
كِتَابُكُنَّ |
|
|
First Person |
My Book |
Kitabuie |
كِتَابِيْ |
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Our Book |
KitabuNaa |
كِتَابُنَا |
|
In case of "My book" the vowel on the last letter is Kasrah instead of Damma and this will always happen in the case of "My ..."
Exercise of Past Tense:
Download the Past Tense book and practise the past Tenses.
Part 2:
Lesson :
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Spot the use of feminine gender (pronoun).
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Analyse and identify Grammaatical concepts
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Translate
سُعَادُ: الْسَّلاَمُ عَلَيكِ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ
الْبِنْتُ: وَعَلَيْكِ السَّلاَمُ وَرَحْمَةُ اللهِ وَبَرَكَاتُهُ
سُعَادُ: كَيْفَ حَالُكِ يَا بِنْتُ؟
الْبِنْتُ: أَنَا بِخَيْرٍ وَالْحَمْدُ للهِ
سُعَادُ: وَمِنْ أَيْنَ أَنْتِ؟
الْبِنْتُ: أَنَا مِنَ الرِّيَاضِ
سُعَادُ: مَا اسْمُكِ؟
الْبِنْتُ: اِسْمِي آمِنَةُ
سُعَادُ: أَيْنَ أَبُوكِ؟
الْبِنْت: أَبِي هُنَا فِي الْمَدِيْنَةِ الْمُنَوَّرَةِ
سُعَادُ: مَاذَا يَفْعَلُ؟
This is present tense which is not yet covered and it means "He does"
هُوَ مُوَجِّهٌ فِي الْمَدْرَسَةِ الثَّانَوِيَّةِ / الْبِنْتُ: هُوَ مُفَتَّشٌ فِي الْمَدْرَسَةِ الثَّانَوِيَّةِ
The prints differ and either of the bove sentensces could be present in your book!
سُعَادُ: وَأَيْنَ أُمُّكِ؟
الْبِنْتُ: هِيَ أَيْضًا هُنَا هِيَ طَبِيبَةٌ
سُعَادُ: وَمَنْ هَـٰذِهِ الْفَتَاةُ الَّتِي مَعَكِ؟ أَهِيَ أُخْتُكِ؟
البِنْتُ: لا، هِيَ بِنْتُ عَمِّيِ
سُعَادُ: مَا اسْمُهَا؟
البِنْتُ: اسْمُهَا فَاطِمَةُ
سُعَادُ: أَهِيَ زَمِيلَتُكِ؟
الْبِنْتُ: لا، أَنَا فِي الْمَدْرَسَةِ الْمُتَوَسِّطَةِ وَهِيَ فِي الْمَدْرَسَةِ الثَّانَوِيَّةِ
سُعَادُ: أَلَكِ أُخْتٌ؟
الْبِنْتُ: لا، مَا لِي أُخْتٌ
سُعَادُ:أَلَكِ أَخٌ؟
الْبِنْتُ: نَعَمْ، لِي أَخٌ كَبِيرٌ وَهُوَ طَالِبٌ بِالْجَامِعَةِ
سُعَادُ: وَمَنْ هَذَا الطِّفْلُ الَّذِي مَعَكِ؟
الْبِنْتُ: هُوَ ابْنُ أَخِي
سُعَادُ: مَا اسْمُهُ؟
الْبِنْتُ: اسْمُهُ سَعْيدٌ
سُعَادُ: أَأُمُّكِ فِي الْبَيْتِ الآنَ؟
الْبِنْتُ: لا، ذَهَبَتْ إِلَى الْمُسْتَشْفَى
Part 3
Verbal Sentences (أَلجُملَةُ الفعلِيَةُ):
The sequencing of a verbal sentence is:
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Verb (فعل): Past Tense in Arabic is Mabni
{jb_bluedisc}2{/jb_bluedisc} Subject (فاعل): Subject is Marfoo
{jb_bluedisc}3{/jb_bluedisc} Object (مفعول به): Object is Mansoob
In order to memorise this sequence, memorise part of this verse of the Qur'aan:
قَتَلَ دَاوُۥدُ جَالُوتَ
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Verb (قَتَلَ): Killed
{jb_bluedisc}2{/jb_bluedisc} Subject (دَاوُۥدُ): i.e. David is the Subject which is Marfoo
{jb_bluedisc}3{/jb_bluedisc} Object (جَالُوتَ): i.e. Goliath is the Object which is Mansoob
As stated previously that an object is not a necessity and sometimes the verb doesn't require it and based on this verbs are of two kinds:
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} Intransitive Verb (الفعل اللاَّزِم):
{jb_bluedisc}2{/jb_bluedisc} Transitive Verb (الفعل الْمُتَعَدِّيْ):
In English you distinguish between the two by asking a "What" after the verb i.e.:
{jb_bluedisc}a{/jb_bluedisc} جَلَسَ (He sat): Asking "What" doesn't make any sense because the sentence is complete, therefore no object is required.
{jb_bluedisc}b{/jb_bluedisc} كَتَبَ (He wrote): Asking "What" makes sense because the sentence is incomplete, therefore an object is required and sentence becomes كَتَبَ كِتَاباً i.e. he wrote a book
Remember that in the 3rd person singular masculine and feminine forms the Subject (الفاعل )is hidden (مستطر) if not expressly mentioned or it can appear after the verb e.g notice the four examples below:
{jb_bluedisc}1{/jb_bluedisc} جَلَسَ
{jb_bluedisc}2{/jb_bluedisc} جَلَسَ محمدٌ
{jb_bluedisc}3{/jb_bluedisc} جَلَسَتْ
{jb_bluedisc}4{/jb_bluedisc} جَلَسَتْ فَاطِمَةُ
تْ is not the Subject its just a sign of femininity.
Combining the 3rd person Feminine Verb with the next word:
Consider the sentence "The (female) student sat i.e. جَلَسَتْ الطّالِبَةُ in order to facilitate speaking a Kasrah is added to the verb thus making it:
جَلَسَتِ الطّالِبَةُ
This is done in general whenever a Sukoon comes on the last vowel and it is required to combine the first word with the second.
Exercises :
Complete all exercises in the Lesson, the last exercise requires you to revise the topic of Relative Pronoun (Lesson 9: Part 3)